Numerical control lathe is also known as CNC lathe (aka Computer Numerical Control).
CNC components are the most advanced and performing expression of the traditional lathe in terms of technological equipment and manufacturing capacity. As we know, this is the machine tool used to make a solid in rotation, a realization that takes place through the so-called turning work through which the chip removal is obtained.
The numerically controlled lathe, unlike the manual machine, uses a computerized automatism. This equipment makes it possible to achieve very high-quality products manufactured in the context of lathe processing.
CNC COMPONENTS
#1. Lathe machining
The workings on the lathe, with a numerically controlled machine, are very different from those carried out through the manual cutter. In general, numerical control lathe machining is a turning which tends to be standardized and rational CNC components, as well as simplified, for the production of mechanical parts and mechanical components with rotation symmetry.
Every time we want to make a solid rotation, we must use a lathe. Whether its pins, bushings, pistons, flanges, table feet, shafts, cylinders, lathe machining allows us to obtain them.
#2. Types of lathe
Depending on the purpose for which they are used, as well as depending on the technological equipment and construction characteristics, we can distinguish different types of machines.
In general, lathes are divided into parallel, frontal CNC components, vertical, turret, automatic, and numerically controlled lathes, up to multitasking double-spindle machines, wood lathes, and lathes for ceramics. In this article, we will talk about the parallel lathe, and its evolution C.N.C. that gave its diffusion and contributes to its versatility.
But not before having made a proper mention of the programming of numerical control machines.
#3. CNC lathe programming
When we talk about CNC lathe programming and, more generally, the programming of numerical control machines, we refer to an epochal break in precision machining, between traditional machine tools and new generation machine tools.
Traditional machine tools required all the data for the turning work to be transmitted to the moving parts by the turner, which intervened directly on the various commands unlike in CNC components.
By data, we mean information relating to the clamping of the piece, the tool change, the definition of cutting parameters, etc.
Numerical control machines, on the other hand, require all information to be associated using an alphanumeric code, called programming language, to a series of instructions which constitute what is, in practice CNC components, the work program to be carried out.
By program, we mean the set of instructions, configured in code, necessary for the operation of a machine tool, equipped with numerical control. The code is the set of information necessary to transform the programming data and make them "codable" by the machine. The particular language is called ISO or G-code.
#4. Turner:
In the CNC lathe, as in all numerical control machines, the turner has the function of "transmitting information," through the program, to the computer, to carry out the various phases of the turning work, such as starting the cycle, carrying out the assembly of the piece and monitoring the execution of the machining.
It is turning work that all happens, strictly, automatically. As you can easily guess, this can only happen thanks to the machine control unit's presence. This unit processes the program instructions and converts them into command inputs, which are then sent to the various peripherals of CNC components.
The numerical control machine, in turn, is equipped with transducers, i.e., electronic devices that allow it to read the actual movement that has taken place; it can send the information to the control and eventually the management unit of the equipment will rectify the position by posting a new signal to the actuators.
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